How to Convert Wind Directions in Degrees to Compass Directions

Do you feel lost when sifting through wind direction data that is listed in degrees? For example, can you picture in your mind what direction 195 degrees is? Would it be easier if your data logger could put your data in compass directions instead? In this article, I’ll share with you an easy method for converting your wind direction data from degrees to compass directions using the CRBasic programming language.

Compass Directions and Degrees

If you’re like me, compass directions (north, south, east, and west) are easier to understand than degrees. For example, if someone asks me for driving directions, I don’t say, “Travel five blocks on a 270 degree heading.” It’s easier for me, and the lost driver, if I say instead, “Go west for five blocks."

Similarly, when it comes to describing wind direction, compass points tend to be easier to understand than degrees. Meteorologists use compass points in their weather forecasts because they are easier for people to visualize and remember. For example, a meteorologist might say, “The storm is going to blow in from the west.”

In terms of wind direction, it is both fortunate and unfortunate that data loggers don’t “think” like us humans do.

• Fortunately, our data loggers scan our sensors, convert the measurements to electrical signals, and store the data in degrees, which are more precise than compass directions.
• Unfortunately, we may struggle with making sense out of wind direction data that is in degrees.

Using an Indexed Array

To make sense out of wind direction data that is in degrees, let’s get started in our conversion process. To convert degrees to compass directions, I first divide the compass into 16 sectors of 22.5 degrees each. The sectors are like slices of pie, centered on the compass points.

Tip: If you would like to use eight sectors instead of 16, with a shorter lookup table, divide by 45 degrees instead of 22.5 degrees.

To do the conversion, I use an indexed array as a lookup table instead of a Case instruction. I prefer the indexed array because the code is faster and more compact than the code of a Case instruction. In addition, an indexed array works well for evenly spaced data bins, such as a set number of degrees. (Data bins are categories for ranges of numbers.) In contrast, a Case instruction is a better choice for applications where your data bins aren’t evenly spaced, such as determining temperature ranges that describe water as hot, warm, or cold. (“Hot” and “cold” values would be larger bins, and “warm” would be a smaller bin.)

Because north on a compass could be described as 0 degrees or 360 degrees, we have to use two data bins for it. This means that, for our 16 compass sectors, we actually need 17 values in our lookup table. The first value and last value are both north. The table below shows the 17 values with the 16 different compass sectors:

You can use an array in your data logger program as a lookup table. A simple way to fill the array is to assign initial values. Be sure you use type String and enclose each value within quotes. The line of code is a bit long, but it is fairly simple:

Dim Sector(17) As String * 3 = {"N","NNE","NE","ENE","E","ESE","SE","SSE","S","SSW","SW","WSW","W","WNW","NW","NNW","N"}

Performing Modulo Division

Now we need to convert wind direction to integer values that correspond with the 17 index values within our array.

To limit wind direction to 360 degrees, we need to perform a modulo operation to find the remainder after dividing the total degrees by 360.

Note: Although this step isn’t necessary with most sensors, it won’t cause any problems if you include it in your programs.

Matching up with the Array

If we divide the wind direction by 22.5 (degrees for each sector) and round, we get numbers ranging from 0 to 16. Because the labels stored in the array are indexed from 1 to 17, we must add 1 to fit the range:

Index = WindDir MOD 360
Index = Round(Index/ 22.5,0)+1
CompassDir = Sector(Index)

We can place the entire math function within the index parameter of the array. The parentheses force the order of operation from the inside out:

CompassDir = Sector(Round((WindDir MOD 360)/ 22.5,0)+1)

Putting the Program Together

Putting all of the pieces together, we get the following data logger program. Just add your measurements and data tables.

'Declare Public Variables
Public WindDir As Float
Units WindDir = degrees
Dim Sector(17) As String * 3 = {"N","NNE","NE","ENE","E","ESE","SE","SSE","S","SSW","SW","WSW","W","WNW","NW","NNW","N"}
Public CompassDir As String * 3
 
'Main Program
BeginProg
	Scan (1,Sec,0,0)
		'Add wind sensor measurement here
		CompassDir = Sector(Round((WindDir MOD 360)/ 22.5,0)+1) 'Rounds the wind direction out into 17 sectors. Sectors 1 and 17 are both N.
	NextScan
EndProg

Application Ideas 

In this article, I hope I helped you find your way to better understand, use, and share your wind direction data using some CRBasic programming code. If you have any of our RTMC software products, this software is able to take your wind direction data and directly convert the degrees into a compass display.

Feel free to share situations where you want to report wind direction using compass points. Can you think of similar cases with evenly spaced data bins where you could use this method? Post your ideas below.